Australia has a long & rich history of astronomical research. The following organisations draw on that heritage and are highly regarded by the international community as being at the forefront of their fields.

The Compact Array at Sunset The Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) is currently in the unique position of being the only mm-wave interferometer in the southern hemisphere. Image credit: Cormac Purcell.

• Anglo-Australian Observatory (AAO) - operates the Anglo-Australian and UK Schmidt telescopes on behalf of the astronomical communities of Australia and the UK.
• Astronomical Society of Australia (ASA) - the organisation of professional astronomers in Australia.
• Australia Telescope National Facility (ATNF) - operates the Australia Telescope which consists of the Compact Array at Narrabri and the Parkes and Mopra radio telescopes.
• Australian Antarctic Division - operates cosmic ray telescopes and monitors in Tasmania and at Mawson, Antarctica, to study solar effects in the inner solar system and space weather.
• Australian Centre for Astrobiology - an associate member of the NASA Astrobiology Institute hosted by Macquarie University.
• Australian Gemini Office - multinational partnership to operate twin 8.1 meter astronomical telescopes which utilize new technology to produce some of the sharpest ever views of the Universe.
• Australian National Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics (ANITA) - a virtual institute which aims to ensure that the needs of Australian theoretical astrophysics are represented at a national and international level.
• Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex - part of NASA's Deep Space Network an international network of antennas that supports interplanetary spacecraft missions and radio and radar astronomy observations.
• Ionospheric Prediction Service - provides support for a wide range of systems and technologies affected by space weather.
• Perth Observatory - Australia's oldest fully-operational astronomical observatory. Activities include: supernova search, microlensing, CCD photometry, astrometry, spectrophotometry, VLBI radio astronomy, education (primary to tertiary) and public outreach, and information.